Cultural profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Cultural profile - Essay Example Social groups mostly share a number of characteristics including involving the use of a common language, sharing cultural values and also sharing norms and traditional values (Chelidze 12). The Muslim based believers are also mostly portrayed badly as well as negatively by the media systems in the society (Chelidze 10). For example, I totally support Muslim faiths, and I have experience a number of discrimination and prejudices in the society. This usually provides bad relationship and poor interaction between Muslim individuals and other people the society. Stereotypes, discrimination, as well as prejudices based on individual cultural identities and ethnicity systems, form some of the problems that the Islamic-based religious individuals are facing in the United States (Chelidze 13). According to recent religious studies and reports, racial group, ethnicity as well as religious group of an individual role play a greater role towards various social activities in their life including their marriage practices, communication practices and their perceptions about life in general (Verkuyten 357). Therefore, the main aim and purpose of this paper is to discuss various social identities and religious beliefs and values including the Caucasian ethnicity, as well as the Islamic religion. The paper will specifically deal with the social identities covering ascription as well as avowal identity systems and how it influences my social interaction with others in the society The Caucasian race is mostly found in North America, Europe, parts of Asia as well as in some regions in Africa. Historically, various historians believed that there were two races especially the Mongolians and the Caucasians. According to these anthropologists, the Caucasians were more likeable and intelligent than Mongolians especially due to their light skin and moral values (Verkuyten 355). The Caucasian group was also closely associated with individuals

Pharmacology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pharmacology - Assignment Example Here, they are absorbed into the blood through the epithelial cells and into the blood stream. From the bloodstream, they may enter the tissue fluid and then into the cell where they are metabolized and converted into active form. During this process, the drugs encounter several obstacles in their path that they have to overcome. They occur at almost every stage of the process from administering to action at the target sites. The main barriers are the cell plasma membrane, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, blood capillaries, glomerular membrane, capillaries and renal tubules among others. The plasma membrane is a lipid barrier. It only allows passage of lipophilic molecules and hydrophilic molecules, like water, into the cell. It is partially permeable to larger molecules such as larger lipophilic ones. The intestine is the main site for absorption be it drugs or food. The gastrointestinal epithelium also acts as great barrier to the movement of drugs. This layer is a single cell thick. These cells are closely packed together making it difficult to for drugs to move from the intestines into the blood stream. The layer is covered with a mucosal membrane which bars the movement and absorption of the drug. The drug has to go through two plasma membranes to get to the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the drug is transported to various tissues where the vascular endothelium must be overcome for the drug to enter the tissue. The cells may so closely packed together that they impede the passage of large drug molecules into the tissue fluid. A good example of vessels with tightly packed epithelial cells is the capillaries at the central nervous system. The endothelial cells may also be loosely packed making it easy for the body to eliminate the drug. The spleen has ‘leaky’ epithelial lining. There is also the capillary membrane that is very selective of the size of molecules that go through. They allow movement of both polar and non-polar molecules. Thi s is useful in the kidney during elimination of drug and waste products that are polar. The kidney is a site for drug elimination as well as re-absorption. Due to the nature of its membrane, only non-ionized and lipid compounds get reabsorbed (columbia.edu). The method of transportation also affects drug activity. Methods such as active transport require a lot of energy to perform, therefore, delaying the time of action of the drug. There could be delays in the time taken for the stomach to empty its contents into the ileum, thus, postponing absorption. Intestinal motility is also crucial when bringing the drug into contact with the cells of the epithelium for absorption. The duration of contact between the cells the drug should be adequate to promote absorption. For absorption to be successful, the flow of blood should be high for maximum absorption. Blood determines the diffusion gradient. Other factors that affect the rate of drug absorption include: the food we eat, the pH of th e gastrointestinal environment, age and state of health (Washington et.al, 2000). Question 2 The half life of a drug is the time it takes to for a drug to move from full pharmacological, physiological and radioactive potency to half. This information is useful to the nurse in that is informs him or her that the drug might not be as effective. The nurse should therefore request fro the replacement of the drug with a potent one. This will ensure a patient receives proper treatment using active drugs.